Although leadership has been described as one of the most researched yet least understood social science phenomena, we have known for centuries that leadership affects the quality of peoples¿ lives and that ¿leadership always matters¿. Indeed, in a world where organizations are more focused than ever on the tensions between productivity and corporate social responsibility and sustainability, the study of leadership has become pivotal in the sphere of organizational behavior research.This Special Issue of the Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship presents a wide range of leadership perspectives and methodological approaches that introduce and test novel ideas, extend current theories, and aid in the effective practice of leadership.