Using the theoretical framework of new economic geography and the research methods of GIS and econometrics, this book analyzes the impact of high-speed railway development on China's economic distribution, population mobility and regional integration. The development of high-speed railway has subverted the traditional mode of transportation, greatly shortened the time and space distance between cities, and people's travel patterns, employment choices and production behaviors have undergone profound changes accordingly, which has had an increasing impact on economic and social development.  The findings of this book have important theoretical and practical significance for China's transportation infrastructure construction and regional spatial development. The book is intended for researchers in urban planning, economics, geography and readers interested in regional spatial development in China.