This second English volume of The China Economy Yearbook provides an in-depth analysis of China’s economy during the initial year of China’s 11th 5-Year Plan, which placed new emphasis on following a scientific approach to development and creating a more harmonious society. Written by leading economic researchers from China’s leading economic research institutions, the articles in the yearbook examine key aspects of China’s economic performance, including macroeconomic adjustment, inflation control, the financial system, public finance, foreign trade, agriculture, industry, and real estate. They provide a detailed description of China’s economy during the year and valuable insights into the reasons for China’s successes and failures in addressing emerging challenges facing the Chinese economy.