This book addresses the geopolitics and geoeconomics of technological rivalry between the world's two great powers: the USA and China. It focuses on the semiconductor industry, which, owing to its dual use in civilian and defence sectors, is critical to economic and national security interests. A diverse set of contributions from renowned scholars span wide-ranging topics to holistically analyze contemporary USA-China national security through a technological lens: the shifting trade and technology policy in the USA; the Chip-4 alliance as an industrial cartel; technology sanctions and the voice of high-tech industry in the USA; the race for digital sovereignty in the Gulf region and in Africa; Japan's grand strategy vis-à-vis semiconductors; a critical assessment of China's achievement on its self-sufficiency and effort in reducing its reliance on foreign supplies; the significance and the strategy of Taiwan's semiconductor in the future, as well as how Taiwan can advance its national security through its status as a powerhouse of semiconductors; Korea's semiconductor policy in response to international technology rivalry; India's pursuit of semiconductors; and a close investigation of decoupling and hostility between the two great powers.