International investment law has faced an ongoing dilemma over the past decade, torn between promoting a universal standard for stability and economic growth and addressing criticisms of high costs and limited development impact. This book explores the gap and interplay between domestic property laws and international investment protection, analysing various national regimes and their evolution, alongside international human rights mechanisms. It reveals how different legal systems balance private property rights with broader social interests like health, environment, heritage, security, and markets, using individualistic and communitarian property paradigms.