Forest hydrology, as a discipline, was designed to address fundamental questions regarding the impact of deforestation on floods and droughts. Recently, forest hydrology has become a primary discipline in the biophysical sciences to clarify how forests and water interact. Despite the remarkable and detailed progress of research on forest hydrology, the original questions have not yet been fully answered. Additionally, the knowledge gained through this research has not yet been integrated into real-world forest and water management. Payment for environmental services (PES) schemes have recently become available as a new tool for forest and water management; however, most of these schemes fail to consider recent advances in forest hydrology. This reprint aims to gather both recent scientific research on forest hydrology based on long-term data, and integrated watershed management based on current research in forest hydrology. Ten original contributions from China, Japan, United States, Korea, Brazil, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Slovakia were included.