A formal language constituting a set of instructions to produce diverse outputs characterizes a programming language. Programming languages serve as the medium for implementing algorithms in computer programming. Typically, a programming language is delineated into syntax and semantics, where syntax dictates the form, and semantics governs meaning of the programming language. Semantics further branches into static and dynamic components. A programming language's classification of expressions and values into types is articulated through a type system. With a finite and precise definition, programming languages can be fully described. They're often developed with a higher level of abstraction to enhance problem-solving capabilities. The subject of programming languages is an upcoming field of computers that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new techniques and the applications of programming languages. Those with an interest in this field would find this book helpful.