Hematology and oncology are closely related medical specialties that deal with the diagnosis, treatment, and management of blood disorders and cancer respectively. They are separate specialties, and they are combined for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. These malignancies refer to the cancers which originate in the blood forming tissue. Hematological malignancies are classified into three types, namely, multiple myeloma, leukemia and lymphoma. The cancer which develops in the bone marrow and affects plasma cells is known as multiple myeloma. Leukemia refers to a cancer that begins in the bone marrow or blood. On the other hand, lymphoma is a type of hematological malignancy which begins in a part of the immune system known as the lymphatic system. This book includes some of the vital pieces of works being conducted across the world, on various topics related to hematology and oncology. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area of medicine as well as for experts.