Judgment and critical faculties are central concerns of many Western educational programs. However, the promotion of critical thinking requires specifically developed and didactically coherent concepts. This book therefore attempts to provide a philosophically and empirically sound as well as application-oriented introduction to the concept and didactics of critical thinking. Especially the higher education space is defined by critically questioning knowledge and practice and thereby producing new insights. Against the background of this task horizon, the theoretical foundations of critical thinking as well as didactic practice strategies for its promotion are conveyed in a low-threshold manner within the framework of the introductory volume, which can be adapted across subjects.