This book aims to reveal how the human mind's search for order in the face of uncertainty and complexity leads to belief systems which have no scientific basis, while exploring the harms of such beliefs at individual and societal levels. Conspiracy theories, paranormal beliefs, and pseudoscientific claims can negatively affect individuals' decision-making processes, health choices, and social ties. The book aims to provide a holistic analysis of those phenomena by bringing together the perspectives of different disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, media studies, and philosophy of science. In particular, cognitive biases and social identity theory play a key role in explaining why these beliefs are attractive. As a work, it is distinct in that it not only approaches these issues from a critical perspective but also offers solution-oriented strategies to help readers acquire critical thinking skills and use scientific methods effectively.