Ernest Hemingway was an American novelist, short-story writer, journalist, and sportsman. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and his public image brought him admiration from later generations. Hemingway's writing includes themes of love, war, travel, wilderness, and loss. Hemingway often wrote about Americans abroad. He was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature for "his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style. THE NOVELS THE TORRENTS OF SPRING THE SUN ALSO RISES A FAREWELL TO ARMS TO HAVE AND HAVE NOT FOR WHOM THE BELL TOLLS ACROSS THE RIVER AND INTO THE TREES THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA THE SHORT STORY COLLECTIONS THREE STORIES AND TEN POEMS IN OUR TIME MEN WITHOUT WOMEN WINNER TAKE NOTHING THE FIFTH COLUMN AND THE FIRST FORTY-NINE STORIES THE FIFTH COLUMN AND FOUR STORIES OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR MISCELLANEOUS SHORT STORIES THE PLAY THE FIFTH COLUMN THE NON-FICTION DEATH IN THE AFTERNOON GREEN HILLS OF AFRICA NEWSPAPER ARTICLES THE AUTOBIOGRAPHIES HEMINGWAY, THE WILD YEARS A MOVEABLE FEAST