This book introduces the reader to the hottest topics in current control sciences and robotics, as seen by scientists from Poland and other European countries. Volume 1 comprises 37 chapters, which specifically address topics connected to modeling, identification, and analysis of automation systems, to design of control systems, and to fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control. The contributions were presented during XXI Polish Control Conference, held in Gliwice, Poland, from June 26 to 29, 2023. This book is extremely useful to all persons who want to know the latest trends in automation and robotics.