This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to mathematical calculus. Written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, it teaches the fundamental mathematical concepts, methods and tools required for various areas of economics and the social sciences, such as optimization and measure theory. The reader will be introduced to topological, metric and normed spaces, learning about numerical sequences, series, and differential and integral calculus. These concepts are introduced using the axiomatic approach as a tool for logical reasoning, consistency, and formalization of ideas. The book follows a theorem-proving approach, stressing the limitations of applying the different theorems, while providing thought-provoking counter-examples. Each chapter features exercises that facilitate learning and allow students to apply and test important concepts and tools.