This study bridges economic and social history, and forces a reassessment of four early modern historiographies: Dutch, French, Jewish, and Atlantic. The trade along the North Sea and Atlantic coasts of Europe has been given relatively little attention in comparison with trans-oceanic and Baltic commerce. Wine and brandy were among the key commodities shipped from south-western to northern Europe, so new evidence on the alcohol trade enables us to properly recognize the impact of this sector on the economies of France, the Dutch Republic, and the Atlantic world. Transnational in scope, this book underscores the importance of the interconnecting personal networks of Dutch, Sephardic Jewish, and New Christian merchants along the shores of Europe.