This book informs on new trends, challenges, and solutions, in the multidisciplinary field of biomedical engineering. It covers traditional topics in biomechanics and biomedical signal processing, as well as recent trends relating to the applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods in medicine and biology, and to bioengineering education. Gathering the second volume of the proceedings of the 9th European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference (EMBEC 2024), held on June 9-13, 2024, in Portorož, Slovenia, this book bridges fundamental and clinically-oriented research, emphasizing the role of translational research in biomedical engineering. It aims at inspiring and fostering communication and collaboration between engineers, physicists, biologists, physicians and other professionals dealing with cutting-edge themes in and advanced technologies serving the broad field of biology and healthcare.